- Atomic spectroscopy is the determination of elemental composition by its electromagnetic or mass spectrum.
- The study of the electromagnetic spectrum of elements is called Optical Atomic Spectroscopy.
- Electrons exist in energy levels within an atom. These levels have well-defined energies and electrons moving between them must absorb or emit energy equal to the difference between them.
- In optical spectroscopy, the energy absorbed to move an electron to a more energetic level and/or the energy emitted as the electron moves to a less energetic energy level are in the form of a photon.
- The wavelength of the emitted radiant energy is directly related to the electronic transition which has occurred.
- Since every element has a unique electronic structure, the the wavelength of light emitted is a unique property of each individual element.
- As the orbital configuration of a large atom may be complex, there are many electronic transitions which can occur, each transition resulting in the emission of a characteristic wavelength of light, as illustrated below.
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